大學(今本)

大學(今本)

大學之道:在明明德,在親民,在止於至善。知止而后有定,定而后能靜,靜而后能安,安而后能慮,慮而后能得。物有本末,事有終始,知所先後,則近道矣。
古之欲明明德於天下者,先治其國;欲治其國者,先齊其家;欲齊其家者,先脩其身;欲脩其身者,先正其心;欲正其心者,先誠其意;欲誠其意者,先致其知;致知在格物。物格而后知至,知至而后意誠,意誠而后心正,心正而后身脩,身脩而后家齊,家齊而后國治,國治而后天下平。
自天子以至於庶人,壹是皆以脩身為本。其本亂而末治者否矣;其所厚者薄,而其所薄者厚,未之有也。
康誥曰:「克明德。」大甲曰:「顧諟天之明命。」帝典曰:「克明峻德。」皆自明也。
湯之盤銘曰:「茍日新,日日新,又日新。」康誥曰:「作新民。」詩曰:「周雖舊邦,其命維新。」是故,君子無所不用其極。
詩云:「邦畿千里,惟民所止。」詩云:「緡蠻黃鳥,止于丘隅。」子曰:「於止,知其所止,可以人而不如鳥乎?」
詩云:「穆穆文王,於緝熙敬止。」為人君,止於仁;為人臣,止於敬;為人子,止於孝;為人父,止於慈;與國人交,止於信。
詩云:「瞻彼淇澳,菉竹猗猗;有斐君子,如切如磋,如琢如磨;瑟兮僩兮,赫兮喧兮;有斐君子,終不可諠兮。」如切如磋者,道學也;如琢如磨者,自脩也;瑟兮僩兮者,恂慄也;赫兮喧兮者,威儀也;有斐君子,終不可諠兮者,道盛德至善,民之不能忘也。詩云:「於戲!前王不忘。」君子賢其賢而親其親,小人樂其樂而利其利,此以沒世不忘也。
子曰:「聽訟,吾猶人也;必也使無訟乎!」無情者不得盡其辭,大畏民志;此謂知本。
此謂知本,此謂知之至也。
所謂「誠其意」者,毋自欺也。如惡惡臭,如好好色,此之謂自謙。故君子必慎其獨也。小人閒居為不善,無所不至;見君子而后厭然,揜其不善而著其善;人之視己,如見其肺肝然,則何益矣?此謂誠於中,形於外。故君子必慎其獨也。
曾子曰:「十目所視,十手所指,其嚴乎!」富潤屋,德潤身,心廣體胖。故君子必誠其意。
所謂「脩身在正其心」者,身有所忿懥,則不得其正;有所恐懼,則不得其正;有所好樂。則不得其正;有所憂患,則不得其正。心不在焉,視而不見,聽而不聞,食而不知其味。此謂「脩身在正其心」。
所謂「齊其家在脩其身」者,人之其所親愛而辟焉,之其所賤惡而辟焉,之其所畏敬而辟焉,之其所哀矜而辟焉,之其所敖惰而辟焉。故好而知其惡,惡而知其美者,天下鮮矣。故諺有之曰:「人莫知其子之惡,莫知其苗之碩。」此謂身不脩,不可以齊其家。
所謂「治國必先齊其家」者,其家不可教,而能教人者,無之。故君子不出家,而成教於國。孝者,所以事君也;弟者,所以事長也;慈者,所以使眾也。康誥曰:「如保赤子。」心誠求之,雖不中,不遠矣。未有學養子而后嫁者也。
一家仁,一國興仁;一家讓,一國興讓;一人貪戾,一國作亂;其機如此。此謂一言僨事,一人定國。堯舜帥天下以仁,而民從之;桀紂帥天下以暴,而民從之。其所令反其所好,而民不從。是故君子有諸己,而后求諸人;無諸己,而后非諸人。所藏乎身不恕,而能喻諸人者,未之有也。故治國在齊其家。
詩云:「桃之夭夭,其葉蓁蓁,之子于歸,宜其家人。」宜其家人,而后可以教國人。詩云:「宜兄宜弟。」宜兄宜弟,而后可以教國人。詩云:「其儀不忒,正是四國。」其為父子兄弟足法,而后民法之也。此謂治國在齊其家。
所謂「平天下在治其國」者,上老老而民興孝;上長長而民興弟;上恤孤而民不倍。是以君子有絜矩之道也。所惡於上,毋以使下;所惡於下,毋以事上;所惡於前,毋以先後;所惡於後,毋以從前;所惡於右,毋以交於左;所惡於左,毋以交於右;此之謂絜矩之道。詩云:「樂只君子,民之父母。」民之所好好之,民之所惡惡之,此之謂民之父母。詩云:「節彼南山,維石巖巖,赫赫師尹,民具爾瞻。」有國者不可以不慎,辟,則為天下僇矣!
詩云:「殷之未喪師,克配上帝;儀監于殷,峻命不易。」道得眾,則得國;失眾,則失國。是故君子先慎乎德,有德此有人,有人此有土,有土此有財,有財此有用。德者,本也;財者,末也。外本內末,爭民施奪。是故財聚則民散,財散則民聚。是故言悖而出者,亦悖而入;貨悖而入者,亦悖而出。康誥曰:「惟命不于常。」道善則得之,不善則失之矣。楚書曰:「楚國無以為寶,惟善以為寶。」舅犯曰:「亡人無以為寶,仁親以為寶。」
秦誓曰:「若有一个臣,斷斷兮,無他技;其心休休焉,其如有容焉。人之有技,若己有之;人之彥聖,其心好之;不啻若自其口出,實能容之,以能保我子孫黎民,尚亦有利哉!人之有技,媢疾以惡之;人之彥聖,而違之俾不通;實不能容,以不能保我子孫黎民,亦曰殆哉!」唯仁人放流之,迸諸四夷,不與同中國。此謂「唯仁人為能愛人,能惡人。」見賢而不能舉,舉而不能先,命也;見不善而不能退,退而不能遠,過也。好人之所惡,惡人之所好,是謂拂人之性,菑必逮夫身。是故君子有大道,必忠信以得之,驕泰以失之。
生財有大道:生之者眾,食之者寡;為之者疾,用之者舒;則財恒足矣。仁者以財發身,不仁者以身發財。未有上好仁,而下不好義者也;未有好義,其事不終者也;未有府庫財,非其財者也。
孟獻子曰:「畜馬乘,不察於雞豚;伐冰之家,不畜牛羊;百乘之家,不畜聚斂之臣;與其有聚斂之臣,寧有盜臣。」此謂國不以利為利,以義為利也。長國家而務財用者,必自小人矣,彼為善之。小人之使為國家,菑害並至,雖有善者,亦無如之何矣。此謂「國不以利為利,以義為利」也。

56. Conclusion (John 21:25)

21:25. And there are also many other things which Jesus did, the which, if they should be written every one, I suppose that even the world itself could not contain the books that should be written. Amen.

55. God is Love (1 John 4:7~12)

4:7. Beloved, let us love one another: for love is of God; and every one that loveth is born of God, and knoweth God.
4:8. He that loveth not knoweth not God; for God is love.
4:9. In this was manifested the love of God toward us, because that God sent his only begotten Son into the world, that we might live through him.
4:10. Herein is love, not that we loved God, but that he loved us, and sent his Son to be the propitiation for our sins.
4:11. Beloved, if God so loved us, we ought also to love one another.
4:12. No man hath seen God at any time. If we love one another, God dwelleth in us, and his love is perfected in us.

54. The Wisdom from Above (James 3:13~18)

3:13. Who is a wise man and endued with knowledge among you? let him shew out of a good conversation his works with meekness of wisdom.
3:14. But if ye have bitter envying and strife in your hearts, glory not, and lie not against the truth.
3:15. This wisdom descendeth not from above, but is earthly, sensual, devilish.
3:16. For where envying and strife is, there is confusion and every evil work.
3:17. But the wisdom that is from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, and easy to be intreated, full of mercy and good fruits, without partiality, and without hypocrisy.
3:18. And the fruit of righteousness is sown in peace of them that make peace.

53. Testing and Tempting (James 1:12~15)

1:12. Blessed is the man that endureth temptation: for when he is tried, he shall receive the crown of life, which the Lord hath promised to them that love him.
1:13. Let no man say when he is tempted, I am tempted of God: for God cannot be tempted with evil, neither tempteth he any man.
1:14. But every man is tempted, when he is drawn away of his own lust, and enticed.
1:15. Then when lust hath conceived, it bringeth forth sin: and sin, when it is finished, bringeth forth death.

52. Personal Relations in the New Life (Colossians 3:18~22)

3:18. Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands, as it is fit in the Lord.
3:19. Husbands, love your wives, and be not bitter against them.
3:20. Children, obey your parents in all things: for this is well pleasing unto the Lord.
3:21. Fathers, provoke not your children to anger, lest they be discouraged.
3:22. Servants, obey in all things your masters according to the flesh; not with eyeservice, as menpleasers; but in singleness of heart, fearing God:

51. Children and Parents (Ephesians 6:1~4)

6:1. Children, obey your parents in the Lord: for this is right.
6:2. Honour thy father and mother; which is the first commandment with promise;
6:3. That it may be well with thee, and thou mayest live long on the earth.
6:4. And, ye fathers, provoke not your children to wrath: but bring them up in the nurture and admonition of the Lord.

50. Love (1 Corinthians 13:1~10, 13)

13:1. Though I speak with the tongues of men and of angels, and have not charity, I am become as sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal.
13:2. And though I have the gift of prophecy, and understand all mysteries, and all knowledge; and though I have all faith, so that I could remove mountains, and have not charity, I am nothing.
13:3. And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to be burned, and have not charity, it profiteth me nothing.
13:4. Charity suffereth long, and is kind; charity envieth not; charity vaunteth not itself, is not puffed up,
13:5. doth not behave itself unseemly, seeketh not her own, is not easily provoked, thinketh no evil;
13:6. Rejoiceth not in iniquity, but rejoiceth in the truth;
13:7. Beareth all things, believeth all things, hopeth all things, endureth all things.
13:8. Charity never faileth: but whether there be prophecies, they shall fail; whether there be tongues, they shall cease; whether there be knowledge, it shall vanish away.
13:9. For we know in part, and we prophesy in part.
13:10. But when that which is perfect is come, then that which is in part shall be done away.
13:13. And now abideth faith, hope, charity, these three; but the greatest of these is charity.

49. Duties towards One Another (Romans 13:8~10)

13:8. Owe no man any thing, but to love one another: for he that loveth another hath fulfilled the law.
13:9. For this, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not kill, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness, Thou shalt not covet; and if there be any other commandment, it is briefly comprehended in this saying, namely, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.
13:10. Love worketh no ill to his neighbour: therefore love is the fulfilling of the law.

48. Life in God’s Service (Romans 12:7~21)

12:7. Or ministry, let us wait on our ministering: or he that teacheth, on teaching;
12:8. or he that exhorteth, on exhortation: he that giveth, let him do it with simplicity; he that ruleth, with diligence; he that sheweth mercy, with cheerfulness.
12:9. Let love be without dissimulation. Abhor that which is evil; cleave to that which is good.
12:10. Be kindly affectioned one to another with brotherly love; in honour preferring one another;
12:11. not slothful in business; fervent in spirit; serving the Lord;
12:12. Rejoicing in hope; patient in tribulation; continuing instant in prayer;
12:13. Distributing to the necessity of saints; given to hospitality.
12:14. Bless them which persecute you: bless, and curse not.
12:15. Rejoice with them that do rejoice, and weep with them that weep.
12:16. Be of the same mind one toward another. Mind not high things, but condescend to men of low estate. Be not wise in your own conceits.
12:17. Recompense to no man evil for evil. Provide things honest in the sight of all men.
12:18. If it be possible, as much as lieth in you, live peaceably with all men.
12:19. Dearly beloved, avenge not yourselves, but rather give place unto wrath: for it is written, Vengeance is mine; I will repay, saith the Lord.
12:20. Therefore if thine enemy hunger, feed him; if he thirst, give him drink: for in so doing thou shalt heap coals of fire on his head.
12:21. Be not overcome of evil, but overcome evil with good.